Search engine optimization is the process of analyzing a site and enables search engines to read it, understand it and index it correctly. This is not rewriting the site or changing the look and feel. It is subtle changes, adding or modifying inconspicuous visible and invisible text so that the search engines can read the site. SEO is not spamming the search engines - it is simply helping the search engines help us.
The need for SEO has become acute in the past few years. Web sites are being created with Java, Flash and images all of which search engines can not understand and ignore. If the content of our website is ignored by the search engines then they can't index our site, if our website is not indexed then no one will find our website by searching for it in Google, Yahoo, MSN, etc. If no one can find our website then our hard work and money spent creating the site is in vain.